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Symbian was a closed-source〔 mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones. Symbian was originally developed by Symbian Ltd., as a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed. Symbian was previously an open-source platform developed by the now defunct Symbian Foundation in 2009, as the successor of the original Symbian OS. Symbian was used by many major mobile phone brands, like Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, and above all by Nokia. It was the most popular smartphone OS on a worldwide average until the end of 2010, when it was overtaken by Android. Symbian rose to fame from its use with the S60 platform built by Nokia, first released in 2002 and powering most Nokia smartphones. UIQ, another Symbian platform, ran in parallel, but these two platforms were not compatible with each other. Symbian^3 was officially released in Q4 2010 as the successor of S60 and UIQ, first used in the Nokia N8, to use a single platform for the OS. In May 2011 an update, Symbian Anna, was officially announced, followed by Nokia Belle (previously Symbian Belle) in August 2011.〔(Nokia announces Symbian 'Anna' update for N8, E7, C7 and C6-01; first of a series of updates (video) ). Engadget. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕〔(Nokia announces Symbian Belle alongside three new devices ). Engadget. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕 On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced that it would use Microsoft's Windows Phone OS as its primary smartphone platform, whilst Symbian would be gradually wound down.〔(Nokia's new strategy and structure, Symbian to be a "franchise platform", MeeGo still in long term plans - All About MeeGo )〕〔(RIP: Symbian ). Engadget. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕 On 22 June 2011 Nokia signed an agreement for Accenture to provide Symbian-based software development and support services to Nokia through 2016; about 2,800 Nokia employees became Accenture employees as of October 2011.〔Epstein, Zach. (2011-06-23) (Symbian is officially no longer Nokia's problem ). Bgr.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕 The transfer was completed on 30 September 2011.〔 The Nokia 808 PureView is officially the last Symbian smartphone from Nokia.〔Techcrunch, ("Nokia Confirms The PureView Was Officially The Last Symbian Phone" ), "Techcrunch", 2013-01-24 as by Nokia on January 24, 2013 - (Nokia Corporation Q4 and full year 2012 Interim Report ): "''The Nokia 808 PureView, a device which showcases our imaging capabilities and which came to market in mid-2012, was the last Symbian device from Nokia''"〕 In January 2014 Nokia stopped accepting new or changed Symbian software from developers, effectively terminating its support of the operating system. Several non-Nokia companies are still releasing new Symbian phones after Nokia stopped releasing new phones, like from Fujitsu〔https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/support/trouble/manual/download/f07f/index.html〕 or from Sharp,〔https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/support/trouble/manual/download/sh07f/download.html〕 as late as mid-2014. ==History== Symbian originated from EPOC, an operating system created by Psion in the 1980s. In June 1998, Psion Software became Symbian Ltd., a major joint venture between Psion and phone manufacturers Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia. Afterwards, different software platforms were created for Symbian, backed by different groups of mobile phone manufacturers. They include S60 (Nokia, Samsung and LG), UIQ (Sony Ericsson and Motorola) and MOAP(S) (Japanese only such as Fujitsu, Sharp etc.). In June 2008, Nokia announced the acquisition of Symbian Ltd., and a new independent non-profit organization called the Symbian Foundation was established. Symbian OS and its associated user interfaces S60, UIQ and MOAP(S) were contributed by their owners Nokia, NTT DoCoMo, Sony Ericsson and Symbian Ltd., to the foundation with the objective of creating the Symbian platform as a royalty-free, open source software, under the OSI- and FSF-approved Eclipse Public License (EPL). The platform has been designated as the successor to Symbian OS, following the official launch of the Symbian Foundation in April 2009. The Symbian platform was officially made available as open source code in February 2010.〔 Nokia became the major contributor to Symbian's code, since it then possessed the development resources for both the Symbian OS core and the user interface. Since then Nokia has been maintaining its own code repository for the platform development, regularly releasing its development to the public repository.〔(Symbian OS – one of the most successful failures in tech history ). TechCrunch.com. 8 November 2010〕 Symbian was intended to be developed by a community led by the Symbian Foundation, which was first announced in June 2008 and which officially launched in April 2009. Its objective was to publish the source code for the entire Symbian platform under the OSI- and FSF-approved Eclipse Public License (EPL). The code was published under EPL on 4 February 2010; Symbian Foundation reported this event to be the largest codebase moved to Open Source in history.〔Menezes, Gary. (2010-09-11) (Symbian OS, Now Fully Open Source ). Watblog.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕 However, some important components within Symbian OS were licensed from third parties, which prevented the foundation from publishing the full source under EPL immediately; instead much of the source was published under a more restrictive Symbian Foundation License (SFL) and access to the full source code was limited to member companies only, although membership was open to any organisation. In November 2010, the Symbian Foundation announced that due to changes in global economic and market conditions (and also a lack of support from members such as Samsung〔(No current plans for Samsung Symbian handsets )〕 and Sony Ericsson), it would transition to a licensing-only organisation;〔(Symbian Foundation )〕 Nokia announced it would take over the stewardship of the Symbian platform. Symbian Foundation will remain the trademark holder and licensing entity and will only have non-executive directors involved. On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft that would see it adopt Windows Phone as its primary smartphone platform,〔(Open Letter from CEO Stephen Elop, Nokia and CEO Steve Ballmer, Microsoft – Nokia Conversations : the official Nokia blog )〕 and Symbian will be its franchise platform (dropping Symbian as its main smartphone OS of choice).〔 As a consequence, the use of the Symbian platform for building mobile applications dropped rapidly. Research in June 2011 indicated that over 39% of mobile developers using Symbian at the time of publication were planning to abandon the platform. By 5 April 2011, Nokia ceased to openly source any portion of the Symbian software and reduced its collaboration to a small group of pre-selected partners in Japan.〔 Source code released under the EPL remains available in third party repositories.〔. Sourceforge.net. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕〔(symbian-incubation-projects – Symbian Incubation Projects – Google Project Hosting ). Code.google.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-25.〕 On 22 June 2011, Nokia made an agreement with Accenture for an outsourcing program. Accenture will provide Symbian-based software development and support services to Nokia through 2016; about 2,800 Nokia employees became Accenture employees as of October 2011.〔 The transfer was completed on 30 September 2011.〔 Nokia terminated its support of software development and maintenance for Symbian with effect from 1 January 2014, thereafter refusing to publish new or changed Symbian applications or content in the Nokia Store and terminating its 'Symbian Signed' program for software certification. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symbian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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